Negative Effects and Processing Methods Review of Renewable Energy Sources on Modern Power System: A Review

Abstract

Extremely penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) into modern power systems inflicts many challenges when it comes to achieve optimal performance out of overall system. One of the potential issues is that RES are electromagnetically de-couple from the rest of the system as they are interfaced through power electronics with the traditional grid, which gives rise to synchronization problems and improper control of “rate of change of frequencies (ROCOF)”. Moreover, variations in weather and operating conditions adversely effect their non-linearity performance, which causes their insufficient participation towards frequency regulation along with other conventional synchronous generators. Furthermore, uncertainty associated with RES because of their intermittent nature introduces different dynamic characteristics, which increases complexity of control systems and operation. Some other concerns are degraded system inertia, high fault current, low power quality, high uncertainties, and low fault ride through capability. As a solution to these RES integration problems, cutting edge technologies including different control strategies, inertia emulation techniques, optimization techniques, energy storage devices, and fault current limiters are being practically adopted. This paper is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of challenges faced by modern power systems because of the rapidly rising RES penetrations. Further, this literature presents some practical approaches and solutions to conquer these challenges. Overall, this paper is an intensive source of information about the operational strategies and challenges of modern smart power systems including various kinds of RES as their constituents.