Robust Design of a Novel Solar based Plug-in Electric Vehicle Scheme

Rao Muhammad Asif, Ateeq Ur Rehman, Subhashree Choudhury, Ismail Hossain, Muhammad Abu Bakar Siddiqui, Taraprasanna Dash

Abstract


Photovoltaic (PV) energy is the most desirable source because of its renewable and environment-friendly nature. This article presents a low-cost model of a solar-powered vehicle based on a Charging Management Controller (CMC). Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique is used for energy optimization and extraction of maximum power through the PV system. Furthermore, a DC series motor drive was used due to higher torque-speed characteristics with rheostat as a braking component for controlling the vehicle's speed. Even the AC plug-in socket is mounted to charge the batteries when the sunlight is unavailable. CMC is integrated with PV and AC plug-in to charge the battery bank and control the power transfer maintenance according to load side demand. It also prevents overcharging of batteries to increase their lifespan. The proposed model can satisfy the demand-supply ratio of EV by optimizing PV energy. It provides an economical and viable approach for designing hybrid, plug-in solar-powered electric vehicles.


Keywords


energy; renewable energy; green energy; solar energy; wind energy; hydro energy; geothermal energy; biomass energy; energy saving; electrical vehicles; Wave Energy, Tidal energy, Hydrogen & Fuel Cells, Li-ion Batteries, Capacitors, electrical engineering

Full Text:

PDF

References


S. Choudhury and P. K. Rout. "Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Based MPPT Control for PV System under Partial Shading Condition." International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER) 5.4 (2015): 1252-1263., doi: 10.1109/TEC.2004.827719.

A. R. Bhatti, Z. Salam, M. J. B. A. Aziz, and K. P. Yee, “A critical review of electric vehicle charging using solar photovoltaic,” International Journal of Energy Research, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 439–461, Mar. 2016, doi: 10.1002/er.3472.

P. Kadar and A. Varga, “PhotoVoltaic EV charge station,” in SAMI 2013 - IEEE 11th International Symposium on Applied Machine Intelligence and Informatics, Proceedings, 2013, doi: 10.1109/SAMI.2013.6480944.

Sahoo, Gagan Kumar, et al. "Recent Trends and Topology of Electric Vehicle Charging through DC Microgrid." 2022 IEEE Delhi Section Conference (DELCON). IEEE, 2022.

M. Waseem, A. F. Sherwani, and M. Suhaib, “Integration of solar energy in electrical, hybrid, autonomous vehicles: a technological review,” SN Applied Sciences, vol. 1, no. 11, 2019, doi: 10.1007/s42452-019-1458-4.

I. Mohiuddin, A. Almogren, M. Al Qurishi, M. M. Hassan, I. Al Rassan, and G. Fortino, “Secure distributed adaptive bin packing algorithm for cloud storage,” Future Generation Computer Systems, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.future.2018.08.013.

S. Choudhury. "Review of energy storage system technologies integration to microgrid: Types, control strategies, issues, and future prospects." Journal of Energy Storage 48 (2022): 103966.

J. V. Vas, S. Venugopal, and V. G. Nair, “Control scheme for electrical drive of solar powered vehicles,” Proceedings of the INDICON 2008 IEEE Conference and Exhibition on Control, Communications and Automation, vol. 1, pp. 75–80, 2008, doi: 10.1109/INDCON.2008.4768804.

A. Hassan, A. U. Rehman, N. Shabbir, S. R. Hassan, M. T. Sadiq, and J. Arshad, “Impact of inertial response for the variable speed wind turbine,” in 2019 International Conference on Engineering and Emerging Technologies, ICEET 2019, May 2019, doi: 10.1109/CEET1.2019.8711826.

S. Choudhury, et al. "A supervisory state of charge and state of power management control strategy among hybrid energy storage systems through thermal exchange optimization technique." 2020 IEEE Calcutta Conference (CALCON). IEEE, 2020, doi: 10.1109/CALCON49167.2020.9106560.

A. U. Rehman, A. Jiang, A. Rehman, and A. Paul, “Weighted Based Trustworthiness Ranking in Social Internet of Things by using Soft Set Theory,” in 2019 IEEE 5th International Conference on Computer and Communications, ICCC 2019, Dec. 2019, pp. 1644–1648, doi: 10.1109/ICCC47050.2019.9064242.

S. Choudhury, N. Khandelwal, and A. Satpathy. "A Robust Competitive Optimization Algorithm Based Energy Management Control Strategy in a Battery and Ultracapacitor Based Hybrid Energy Storage System." Advances in Electrical Control and Signal Systems. Springer, Singapore, 2020. 1049-1066., doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-5262-5_81.

R. M. Asif et al., “Design and analysis of robust fuzzy logic maximum power point tracking based isolated photovoltaic energy system,” Engineering Reports, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.1002/eng2.12234.

Y. Yuan, T. Q. Liu, Q. Li, and X. Y. Zhou, “A new maximum power point tracking algorithm for solar vehicle,” in Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference, APPEEC, 2012, doi: 10.1109/APPEEC.2012.6307192.

A. U. Rehman, R. M. Asif, R. Tariq, and A. Javed, “Gsm based solar automatic irrigation system using moisture, temperature and humidity sensors,” in 2017 International Conference on Engineering Technology and Technopreneurship, ICE2T 2017, Dec. 2017, vol. 2017-Janua, pp. 1–4, doi: 10.1109/ICE2T.2017.8215945.

R. A. Naqvi, M. Arsalan, A. Rehman, A. U. Rehman, W.-K. Loh, and A. Paul, “Deep Learning-Based Drivers Emotion Classification System in Time Series Data for Remote Applications,” Remote Sensing, vol. 12, no. 3, p. 587, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.3390/rs12030587.

F. Khoucha, A. Benrabah, O. Herizi, A. Kheloui, and M. E. H. Benbouzid, “An improved MPPT interleaved boost converter for solar electric vehicle application,” in International Conference on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives, 2013, doi: 10.1109/PowerEng.2013.6635760.

S. Sharma, S. S. Oberoi, and S. Nair, “Speed Control Method OF DC series motor,” INTERNATONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY, IJIRT, vol. vol1, no. issue:6, p. pp 1450-1453, 2014.

E. Boni, M. Montagni, A. Moreschi, and L. Pugi, “Energy Storage System optimization for an Autonomous SailBoat,” in 5th International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry: Innovation to Shape the Future, RTSI 2019 - Proceedings, Sep. 2019, pp. 231–235, doi: 10.1109/RTSI.2019.8895512.

N. S. Jamoshid, N. H. Hashim, R. B. Ali, and N. S. Saudin, “Solar-operated hydrogen assisted combustion using solar PV panel to reduce vehicle’s fuel consumption,” in Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE 7th International Power Engineering and Optimization Conference, PEOCO 2013, 2013, doi: 10.1109/PEOCO.2013.6564531.

J. Traube et al., “Mitigation of solar irradiance intermittency in photovoltaic power systems with integrated electric-vehicle charging functionality,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2013, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2012.2217354.

Asif, Rao Muhammad, et al. "Increase battery time by improvement in regenerative braking with storage system in hybrid vehicle." Journal of Applied and Emerging Sciences 9.1 (2019): pp-53.

A. Brissette, A. Hoke, J. Traube, F. Lu, and D. Maksimovizc, “Study on the effect of solar irradiance intermittency mitigation on electric vehicle battery lifetime,” in 2013 1st IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability, SusTech 2013, 2013, doi: 10.1109/SusTech.2013.6617331.

R. A. Benela and K. Jamuna, “Design of charging unit for electric vehicles using solar power,” in International Conference on Information Communication and Embedded Systems, ICICES, 2013, doi: 10.1109/ICICES.2013.6508236.

A. M. Furqan Durrani, A. U. Rehman, A. Farooq, J. A. Meo, and M. T. Sadiq, “An automated waste control management system (AWCMS) by using Arduino,” in 2019 International Conference on Engineering and Emerging Technologies, ICEET 2019, 2019, doi: 10.1109/CEET1.2019.8711844.

E. Radwan, M. Nour, E. Awada, and A. Baniyounes, “Fuzzy Logic Control for Low-Voltage Ride-Through Single-Phase Grid-Connected PV Inverter,” Energies, vol. 12, no. 24, p. 4796, Dec. 2019, doi: 10.3390/en12244796.

T. Ma and O. A. Mohammed, “Optimal charging of plug-in electric vehicles for a car-park infrastructure,” in IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2014, doi: 10.1109/TIA.2013.2296620.

I. S. Alkhalifa and A. S. Almogren, “NSSC: Novel Segment Based Safety Message Broadcasting in Cluster-Based Vehicular Sensor Network,” IEEE Access, 2020, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2974157.

A. S. Almogren, “Developing a Powerful and Resilient Smart Body Sensor Network through Hypercube Interconnection,” International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 2015, doi: 10.1155/2015/609715.

J. R. Pillai, S. H. Huang, B. Bak-Jensen, P. Mahat, P. Thogersen, and J. Moller, “Integration of solar photovoltaics and electric vehicles in residential grids,” in IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2013, doi: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672215.

J. M. Foster, G. Trevino, M. Kuss, and M. C. Caramanis, “Plug-in electric vehicle and voltage support for distributed solar: Theory and application,” IEEE Systems Journal, 2013, doi: 10.1109/JSYST.2012.2223534.

A. Almogren, “An automated and intelligent Parkinson disease monitoring system using wearable computing and cloud technology,” Cluster Computing, 2019, doi: 10.1007/s10586-017-1591-z.

F. Khan, M. A. B. Siddiqui, A. U. Rehman, J. Khan, M. T. S. A. Asad, and A. Asad, “IoT Based Power Monitoring System for Smart Grid Applications,” in 2020 International Conference on Engineering and Emerging Technologies (ICEET), 2020, pp. 1–5, doi: 10.1109/ICEET48479.2020.9048229.

M. Dashtdar et al., “Improving voltage profile and reducing power losses based on reconfiguration and optimal placement of UPQC in the network by considering system reliability indices,” International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, vol. 31, no. 11, p. e13120, 2021.

A. U. Rehman, R. A. Naqvi, A. Rehman, A. Paul, M. T. Sadiq, and D. Hussain, “A Trustworthy SIoT Aware Mechanism as an Enabler for Citizen Services in Smart Cities,” Electronics, vol. 9, no. 6, 2020, doi: 10.3390/electronics9060918.

S. Choudhury, and N. Khandelwal. "A Novel Weighted Superposition Attraction Algorithm-based Optimization Approach for State of Charge and Power Management of an Islanded System with Battery and SuperCapacitor-based Hybrid Energy Storage System." IETE Journal of Research (2020): 1-14., doi: 10.1080/03772063.2020.1839360.

A. Czerwi, J. Wróbel, J. Lach, K. Wróbel, and P. Podsadni, “The charging-discharging behavior of the lead-acid cell with electrodes based on carbon matrix,” 2018.

F. L. Mapelli, D. Tarsitano, and M. Mauri, “Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle: Modeling, prototype realization, and inverter losses reduction analysis,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2010, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2009.2029520.

Z. Bitar, A. Sandouk, and S. Al Jabi, “Testing the Performances of DC Series Motor Used in Electric Car,” Journal of Energy Procedia, vol. vol 74, p. pp 148-159, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.536.

M. Ernest, “Speed Control of DC Shunt Motor with Field and Armature Rheostat Control Simultaneously,” Advance in Electronic and Electric Engineering, vol. vol 3, p. pp 77-80, 2013.




DOI (PDF): https://doi.org/10.20508/ijrer.v12i3.13190.g8516

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Online ISSN: 1309-0127

Publisher: Gazi University

IJRER is cited in SCOPUS, EBSCO, WEB of SCIENCE (Clarivate Analytics);

IJRER has been cited in Emerging Sources Citation Index from 2016 in web of science.

WEB of SCIENCE in 2025; 

h=35,

Average citation per item=6.59

Last three Years Impact Factor=(1947+1753+1586)/(146+201+78)=5286/425=12.43

Category Quartile:Q4